From 1870 onwards, shipyards build increasingly large ships. How does this affect where they are located?

Economies of scale are a major factor for shipbuilding in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and this impacts almost every aspect of shipping. Larger ships need bigger slipways, bigger workplaces, more material and a bigger workforce. All that requires more space. Most of the traditional shipyards were established within the city. Opportunities to expand were limited. Some old shipyards solved this problem by relocating to open water, but most were eventually forced to stop operating. Newly established shipyards opened at locations more suited to their envisaged production: this was generally outside the city, yet close enough for the workforce to access. These new companies chose undeveloped sites along the big rivers beyond the dykes, with plenty of space to expand and capacity to launch vessels with a deeper draft. (extended)